ASTM C1402-2004 土壤样品的高分辨率γ射线光谱测定法的标准指南

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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforHigh-ResolutionGamma-RaySpectrometryofSoilSamples
【原文标准名称】:土壤样品的高分辨率γ射线光谱测定法的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMC1402-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C26.05
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:土壤;土壤普查;放射性核素;γ射线光谱测定法;土壤采样;γ射线
【英文主题词】:gamma-ray;redionuclides;gamma-rayspectrometry
【摘要】:Gamma-rayspectrometryofsoilsamplesisusedtoidentifyandquantifycertaingamma-rayemittingradionuclides.Useofagermaniumsemiconductordetectorisnecessaryforhigh-resolutiongamma-raymeasurements.Muchofthedataacquisitionandanalysiscanbeautomatedwiththeuseofcommerciallyavailablesystemsthatincludebothhardwareandsoftware.ForageneraldescriptionofthetypicalhardwareinmoredetailthandiscussedinSection6,seeRef(19).Bothqualitativeandquantitativeanalysesmaybeperformedusingthesamemeasurementdata.Theproceduresdescribedinthisguidemaybeusedforawidevarietyofactivitylevels,fromnaturalbackgroundlevelsandfallout-typeproblems,todeterminingtheeffectivenessofcleanupeffortsafteraspilloranindustrialaccident,totracingcontaminationatolderproductionsites,wherewasteswerepurposelydisposedofinsoil.Insomecases,thecombinationofradionuclideidentitiesandconcentrationratioscanbeusedtodeterminethesourceoftheradioactivematerials.Collectingsamplesandbringingthemtoadataacquisitionsystemforanalysismaybeusedastheprimarymethodtodetectdepositionofradionuclidesinsoil.Forobtainingarepresentativesetofsamplesthatcoveraparticulararea,seePracticeC998.Soilcanalsobemeasuredbytakingthedataacquisitionsystemtothefieldandmeasuringthesoilinplace(insitu).Insitumeasurementtechniquesarenotdiscussedinthisguide.1.1Thisguidecoverstheidentificationandquantitativedeterminationofgamma-rayemittingradionuclidesinsoilsamplesbymeansofgamma-rayspectrometry.Itisapplicabletonuclidesemittinggammarayswithenergiesgreaterthan20keV.Fortypicalgamma-rayspectrometrysystemsandsampletypes,activitylevelsofabout5Bqaremeasuredeasilyformostnuclides,andactivitylevelsaslowas0.1Bqcanbemeasuredformanynuclides.Itisnotapplicabletoradionuclidesthatemitnogammarayssuchasthepurebeta-emittingradionuclideshydrogen-3,carbon-14,strontium-90,andbecquerelquantitiesofmosttransuranics.Thisguidedoesnotaddresstheinsitumeasurementtechniques,wheresoilisanalyzedinplacewithoutsampling.GuidanceforinsitutechniquescanbefoundinRef(1)and(2).Thisguidealsodoesnotdiscussmethodsfordetermininglowerlimitsofdetection.SuchdiscussionscanbefoundinRefs(3),(4),(5),and(6).1.2Thisguidecanbeusedforeitherquantitativeorrelativedeterminations.Forquantitativeassay,theresultsareexpressedintermsofabsoluteactivitiesoractivityconcentrationsoftheradionuclidesfoundtobepresent.Thisguidemayalsobeusedforqualitativeidentificationofthegamma-rayemittingradionuclidesinsoilwithoutattemptingtoquantifytheiractivities.Itcanalsobeusedtoonlydeterminetheirlevelofactivitiesrelativetoeachotherbutnotinanabsolutesense.GeneralinformationonradioactivityanditsmeasurementmaybefoundinRefs(7),(8),(9),(10),and(11)andGeneralMethodsE-181.Informationonspecificapplicationsofgamma-rayspectrometryisalsoavailableinRefs(12)or(13).PracticeD3649isavaluablesourceofinformation.1.3Thisstandardmayinvolvehazardousmaterial,operations,andequipment.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:Z18
【国际标准分类号】:13_080_20
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】: